The success behind remarkable achievement of the rapid modernization of Japanese education following the Meiji Restoration of 1868 is the high standard of education which existed when Japan started to modernize her education by introducing Western theories and practices. The shogunate and local lords provided schools for their warrior to study the literary and military arts, while the common people attended the temple schools called terakoya in order to learn reading, writing and the use of the abacus. These were very popular at the end of the Tokugawa regime. The strong educational system of Tokugawa makes a new educational system was inaugurated in 1872 and provided the basis of today’s educational system in Japan. This article deals with various features of Tokugawa education system characterised by Chinese classics and Japanese abacus. The main objective of this paper is how the education of warrior or samurai in Edo period was considerable different from that of the mediaeval warrior and how to become a foundation of modern education system of Japan.